MANIFEST                         |  1 -
 lib/PublicInbox/InboxWritable.pm | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 lib/PublicInbox/V1Writable.pm    | 34 ----------------------------------
 lib/PublicInbox/V2Writable.pm    |  6 +++---
 script/public-inbox-init         | 13 +++----------
 t/cgi.t                          |  4 ++--
 t/indexlevels-mirror.t           |  5 ++---
 t/init.t                         |  4 ++--
 t/nntpd.t                        | 15 +++------------
 t/v2mirror.t                     |  1 +

diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST
index 2c356c620bc0f5727195d7a992c1cba7a7a2211a..2b101fa3ccbcefcd6a80a1575b5e4950195d9c50 100644
--- a/MANIFEST
+++ b/MANIFEST
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ lib/PublicInbox/SpawnPP.pm
 lib/PublicInbox/Syscall.pm
 lib/PublicInbox/Unsubscribe.pm
 lib/PublicInbox/UserContent.pm
-lib/PublicInbox/V1Writable.pm
 lib/PublicInbox/V2Writable.pm
 lib/PublicInbox/View.pm
 lib/PublicInbox/ViewDiff.pm
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/InboxWritable.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/InboxWritable.pm
index 2f1ca6f0ab2460638eef994c495706ad1a9b3286..116f423b74e6f4c5659a756cae7279dbc500b4c2 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/InboxWritable.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/InboxWritable.pm
@@ -19,25 +19,44 @@ 	PERM_EVERYBODY => 0664,
 };
 
 sub new {
-	my ($class, $ibx) = @_;
-	bless $ibx, $class;
+	my ($class, $ibx, $creat_opt) = @_;
+	my $self = bless $ibx, $class;
+
+	# TODO: maybe stop supporting this
+	if ($creat_opt) { # for { nproc => $N }
+		$self->{-creat_opt} = $creat_opt;
+		init_inbox($self) if ($self->{version} || 1) == 1;
+	}
+	$self;
+}
+
+sub init_inbox {
+	my ($self, $partitions, $skip_epoch, $skip_artnum) = @_;
+	# TODO: honor skip_artnum
+	my $v = $self->{version} || 1;
+	if ($v == 1) {
+		my $dir = $self->{mainrepo} or die "no mainrepo in inbox\n";
+		PublicInbox::Import::init_bare($dir);
+	} else {
+		my $v2w = importer($self);
+		$v2w->init_inbox($partitions, $skip_epoch, $skip_artnum);
+	}
 }
 
 sub importer {
 	my ($self, $parallel) = @_;
-	$self->{-importer} ||= eval {
+	$self->{-importer} ||= do {
 		my $v = $self->{version} || 1;
 		if ($v == 2) {
 			eval { require PublicInbox::V2Writable };
 			die "v2 not supported: $@\n" if $@;
-			my $v2w = PublicInbox::V2Writable->new($self);
+			my $opt = $self->{-creat_opt};
+			my $v2w = PublicInbox::V2Writable->new($self, $opt);
 			$v2w->{parallel} = $parallel;
 			$v2w;
 		} elsif ($v == 1) {
-			my $git = $self->git;
-			my $name = $self->{name};
-			my $addr = $self->{-primary_address};
-			PublicInbox::Import->new($git, $name, $addr, $self);
+			my @arg = (undef, undef, undef, $self);
+			PublicInbox::Import->new(@arg);
 		} else {
 			$! = 78; # EX_CONFIG 5.3.5 local configuration error
 			die "unsupported inbox version: $v\n";
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/V1Writable.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/V1Writable.pm
deleted file mode 100644
index 6ca5db4ad2072a828d9a9fd48ad84c8ca998e6b2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/V1Writable.pm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2019 all contributors <meta@public-inbox.org>
-# License: AGPL-3.0+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.txt>
-
-# This interface wraps PublicInbox::Import and makes it closer
-# to V2Writable
-# Used to write to V1 inboxes (see L<public-inbox-v1-format(5)>).
-package PublicInbox::V1Writable;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use base qw(PublicInbox::Import);
-use PublicInbox::InboxWritable;
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $ibx, $creat) = @_;
-	my $dir = $ibx->{mainrepo} or die "no mainrepo in inbox\n";
-	unless (-d $dir) {
-		if ($creat) {
-			PublicInbox::Import::init_bare($dir);
-		} else {
-			die "$dir does not exist\n";
-		}
-	}
-	$ibx = PublicInbox::InboxWritable->new($ibx);
-	$class->SUPER::new(undef, undef, undef, $ibx);
-}
-
-sub init_inbox {
-	my ($self, $partitions, $skip_epoch, $skip_artnum) = @_;
-	# TODO: honor skip_artnum
-	my $dir = $self->{-inbox}->{mainrepo} or die "no mainrepo in inbox\n";
-	PublicInbox::Import::init_bare($dir);
-}
-
-1;
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/V2Writable.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/V2Writable.pm
index afcac4d2db863103f5e92dfd82bbbeb5301279a5..c476cb39992a6581616030fcd7133b26f44d959a 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/V2Writable.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/V2Writable.pm
@@ -94,13 +94,13 @@ 	bless $self, $class;
 }
 
 sub init_inbox {
-	my ($self, $parallel, $skip) = @_;
+	my ($self, $parallel, $skip_epoch) = @_;
 	$self->{parallel} = $parallel;
 	$self->idx_init;
 	my $epoch_max = -1;
 	git_dir_latest($self, \$epoch_max);
-	if (defined $skip && $epoch_max == -1) {
-		$epoch_max = $skip;
+	if (defined $skip_epoch && $epoch_max == -1) {
+		$epoch_max = $skip_epoch;
 	}
 	$self->git_init($epoch_max >= 0 ? $epoch_max : 0);
 	$self->done;
diff --git a/script/public-inbox-init b/script/public-inbox-init
index 2cc704ce78f09970a34c80c67d52caf1abfecd46..5724c52ac90e1c46474adb227df9a4e9936a1abb 100755
--- a/script/public-inbox-init
+++ b/script/public-inbox-init
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use Getopt::Long qw/:config gnu_getopt no_ignore_case auto_abbrev/;
 use PublicInbox::Admin;
 PublicInbox::Admin::require_or_die('-base');
 require PublicInbox::Config;
-require PublicInbox::Inbox;
+require PublicInbox::InboxWritable;
 use File::Temp qw/tempfile/;
 use File::Basename qw/dirname/;
 use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
@@ -116,15 +116,8 @@ 	-primary_address => $address[0],
 	indexlevel => $indexlevel,
 });
 
-if ($version >= 2) {
-	require PublicInbox::V2Writable;
-	PublicInbox::V2Writable->new($ibx, 1)->init_inbox(0, $skip);
-} elsif ($version == 1) {
-	require PublicInbox::V1Writable;
-	PublicInbox::V1Writable->new($ibx, 1)->init_inbox(0, $skip);
-} else {
-	die "Unsupported -V/--version: $version\n";
-}
+my $creat_opt = {};
+PublicInbox::InboxWritable->new($ibx, $creat_opt)->init_inbox(0, $skip);
 
 # needed for git prior to v2.1.0
 umask(0077) if defined $perm;
diff --git a/t/cgi.t b/t/cgi.t
index d3172bf74cbd1820e2ae2104ac95c712fd3ae328..81130df5bc418b97f2a1ceff8cf1e7a128e2d348 100644
--- a/t/cgi.t
+++ b/t/cgi.t
@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@
 use_ok 'PublicInbox::Git';
 use_ok 'PublicInbox::Import';
 use_ok 'PublicInbox::Inbox';
-use_ok 'PublicInbox::V1Writable';
+use_ok 'PublicInbox::InboxWritable';
 use_ok 'PublicInbox::Config';
 my $cfg = PublicInbox::Config->new($pi_config);
 my $ibx = $cfg->lookup_name('test');
-my $im = PublicInbox::V1Writable->new($ibx);
+my $im = PublicInbox::InboxWritable->new($ibx)->importer;
 
 {
 	local $ENV{HOME} = $home;
diff --git a/t/indexlevels-mirror.t b/t/indexlevels-mirror.t
index 3dd432382672344bb4458acb0c2ef95c03160fbd..d124c7558ff790e49008e63d02d011e17c543db4 100644
--- a/t/indexlevels-mirror.t
+++ b/t/indexlevels-mirror.t
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use warnings;
 use Test::More;
 use PublicInbox::MIME;
 use PublicInbox::Inbox;
+use PublicInbox::InboxWritable;
 use File::Temp qw/tempdir/;
 require './t/common.perl';
 require_git(2.6);
@@ -38,9 +39,7 @@ 		version => $v,
 		-primary_address => 'test@example.com',
 		indexlevel => $level,
 	});
-	my $cls = "PublicInbox::V${v}Writable";
-	use_ok $cls;
-	my $im = $cls->new($ibx, {nproc=>1});
+	my $im = PublicInbox::InboxWritable->new($ibx, {nproc=>1})->importer;
 	$mime->header_set('Message-ID', '<m@1>');
 	ok($im->add($mime), 'first message added');
 	$im->done;
diff --git a/t/init.t b/t/init.t
index 86b4eb5c72e67b74a3474b1aee2030e3d3b71cec..79dcad1b6340d543a3f97c86278d6539a87ccd34 100644
--- a/t/init.t
+++ b/t/init.t
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ 		@cmd = (pi_init, '-V2', '-S1', 'skip1', "$tmpdir/skip1",
 			   qw(http://example.com/skip1 skip1@example.com));
 		is(system(@cmd), 0, "--skip 1");
 		my $gits = [ glob("$tmpdir/skip1/git/*.git") ];
-		is_deeply(["$tmpdir/skip1/git/1.git"], $gits, 'skip OK');
+		is_deeply($gits, ["$tmpdir/skip1/git/1.git"], 'skip OK');
 	}
 
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ 	@cmd = (pi_init, '-V2', '--skip=2', 'skip2', "$tmpdir/skip2",
 		   qw(http://example.com/skip2 skip2@example.com));
 	is(system(@cmd), 0, "--skip 2");
 	my $gits = [ glob("$tmpdir/skip2/git/*.git") ];
-	is_deeply(["$tmpdir/skip2/git/2.git"], $gits, 'skipping 2 works, too');
+	is_deeply($gits, ["$tmpdir/skip2/git/2.git"], 'skipping 2 works, too');
 }
 
 done_testing();
diff --git a/t/nntpd.t b/t/nntpd.t
index c7ea3197c20f3808fc037e5144ee5aad2fd89c5f..aa62ff6036b86648ec9303f20d5cfee07b1fe784 100644
--- a/t/nntpd.t
+++ b/t/nntpd.t
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ 	plan skip_all => "$mod missing for nntpd.t" if $@;
 }
 require PublicInbox::SearchIdx;
 require PublicInbox::Msgmap;
+require PublicInbox::InboxWritable;
 use Email::Simple;
 use IO::Socket;
 use Socket qw(IPPROTO_TCP TCP_NODELAY);
@@ -30,9 +31,6 @@ my $group = 'test-nntpd';
 my $addr = $group . '@example.com';
 my $nntpd = 'blib/script/public-inbox-nntpd';
 my $init = 'blib/script/public-inbox-init';
-use_ok 'PublicInbox::Import';
-use_ok 'PublicInbox::Inbox';
-use_ok 'PublicInbox::Git';
 SKIP: {
 	skip "git 2.6+ required for V2Writable", 1 if $version == 1;
 	use_ok 'PublicInbox::V2Writable';
@@ -68,15 +66,8 @@ 			"publicinbox.$group.newsgroup", $group),
 		0, 'enabled newsgroup');
 	my $len;
 
-	my $im;
-	if ($version == 2) {
-		$im = PublicInbox::V2Writable->new($ibx);
-	} elsif ($version == 1) {
-		use_ok 'PublicInbox::V1Writable';
-		$im = PublicInbox::V1Writable->new($ibx);
-	} else {
-		die "unsupported version: $version";
-	}
+	$ibx = PublicInbox::InboxWritable->new($ibx);
+	my $im = $ibx->importer;
 
 	# ensure successful message delivery
 	{
diff --git a/t/v2mirror.t b/t/v2mirror.t
index 441e36d75e16d503dec7f49262fde80ef5755cdf..fe05ec4d2c30916a6a01d424571e944080f7ca0f 100644
--- a/t/v2mirror.t
+++ b/t/v2mirror.t
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use File::Temp qw/tempdir/;
 use IO::Socket;
 use POSIX qw(dup2);
 use_ok 'PublicInbox::V2Writable';
+use PublicInbox::InboxWritable;
 use PublicInbox::MIME;
 use PublicInbox::Config;
 # FIXME: too much setup